python爬虫爬取淘宝商品比价(附淘宝反爬虫机制解决小办法)

因为评论有很多人说爬取不到，我强调几点

kv的格式应该是这样的：

kv = {‘cookie':‘你复制的一长串cookie',‘user-agent':‘Mozilla/5.0'}

注意都应该用 ‘' ，然后还有个英文的 逗号,

kv写完要在后面的代码中添加

r = requests.get(url, headers=kv,timeout=30)

自己得先登录自己的淘宝账号才有自己登陆的cookie呀，没登录cookie当然没用

以下原博

本人是python新手，目前在看中国大学MOOC的嵩天老师的爬虫课程，其中一个实例是讲如何爬取淘宝商品信息

以下是代码：

import requests
import re
 
def getHTMLText(url):
 try:
  r = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
  r.raise_for_status()
  r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
  return r.text
 except:
  return ""
  
def parsePage(ilt, html):
 try:
  plt = re.findall(r'\"view_price\"\:\"[\d\.]*\"',html)
  tlt = re.findall(r'\"raw_title\"\:\".*?\"',html)
  for i in range(len(plt)):
   price = eval(plt[i].split(':')[1])
   title = eval(tlt[i].split(':')[1])
   ilt.append([price , title])
 except:
  print("")
 
def printGoodsList(ilt):
 tplt = "{:4}\t{:8}\t{:16}"
 print(tplt.format("序号", "价格", "商品名称"))
 count = 0
 for g in ilt:
  count = count + 1
  print(tplt.format(count, g[0], g[1]))
   
def main():
 goods = '书包'
 depth = 3
 start_url = 'https://s.taobao.com/search?q=' + goods
 infoList = []
 for i in range(depth):
  try:
   url = start_url + '&s=' + str(44*i)
   html = getHTMLText(url)
   parsePage(infoList, html)
  except:
   continue
 printGoodsList(infoList)
  
main()

但是我们运行的时候会发现这个程序没有出错，但是爬取不到，原因是淘宝实施了反爬虫机制，r.text 时是登录界面，我们如何绕过登录界面进行爬取呢？

首先我们需要先在浏览器中登录我们的个人淘宝，然后搜索以书包为例的商品，打开开发者模式（我使用的是chrome）或者按F12

这里我们可以看到我们当前的cookie和user-agent（一般是Mozilla/5.0）（注意：如果没有出现这几个name，点击浏览器刷新就会出现了）

然后在代码中增加我们的cookie和user-agent

然后运行

我只是个初学者，学的时候视频给不了答案，百度了很多，才发现这个小技巧，
有问题百度就完事了

完整代码

import requests
import re


def getHTMLText(url):
 kv = {'cookie':'t=5c749e8d453e7e3664735746f5eb5de8; cna=BrXNFDenbXUCAXggNKX9H1bo; thw=cn; tg=0; enc=5LMRHD8305w3oo8X0agYVFUDa7Ox%2F4RBf34oCWap48nRHy%2B%2B1RZCWZJ7ebn%2Fpy7vRNIL8xpS%2Ba0oNFXG5nSu8w%3D%3D; hng=CN%7Czh-CN%7CCNY%7C156; cookie2=10dbf1309bd9a2d5bc9cabe562965aee; _tb_token_=ee67e1a3ee0e5; alitrackid=www.taobao.com; swfstore=308730; v=0; unb=2448224718; sg=%E6%BB%A18d; _l_g_=Ug%3D%3D; skt=d53506c42f2db259; cookie1=BxUHGXuG%2B5Y4Iw7vZCvjLJ0zDvFL2Xy3mjxT%2FRPtFeA%3D; csg=4246b77f; uc3=vt3=F8dByEzfiHo1%2FUIk8VY%3D&id2=UUwU0bQkq1tYDQ%3D%3D&nk2=CN5OZuI3Xv2%2BlbVX&lg2=W5iHLLyFOGW7aA%3D%3D; existShop=MTU1MDU2MTUyMQ%3D%3D; tracknick=king%5Cu4E36%5Cu5C0F%5Cu4E30%5Cu6EE1; lgc=king%5Cu4E36%5Cu5C0F%5Cu4E30%5Cu6EE1; _cc_=VFC%2FuZ9ajQ%3D%3D; dnk=king%5Cu4E36%5Cu5C0F%5Cu4E30%5Cu6EE1; _nk_=king%5Cu4E36%5Cu5C0F%5Cu4E30%5Cu6EE1; cookie17=UUwU0bQkq1tYDQ%3D%3D; lastalitrackid=login.taobao.com; mt=ci=5_1; x=e%3D1%26p%3D*%26s%3D0%26c%3D0%26f%3D0%26g%3D0%26t%3D0%26__ll%3D-1%26_ato%3D0; uc1=cookie14=UoTZ5OXqJxXKdA%3D%3D&lng=zh_CN&cookie16=W5iHLLyFPlMGbLDwA%2BdvAGZqLg%3D%3D&existShop=false&cookie21=UIHiLt3xThH8t7YQouiW&tag=8&cookie15=UIHiLt3xD8xYTw%3D%3D&pas=0; JSESSIONID=F99B5E66516B99D5E7C9F431E402713F; l=bBNU0zKPvJ9oGfuLBOCNZuI8LN_OGIRYjuPRwCfMi_5B46JhzLQOllv3_FJ6Vj5RsK8B4z6vzNp9-etki; isg=BDg4VI5GkPAaMvx83RJGSPCNCeYKCZ0m9uCVOHKp6XNmjdh3GrU6uo2vQcWY5lQD; whl=-1%260%260%261550562673185',
   'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0'}
 try:
  r = requests.get(url, headers=kv,timeout=30)
  r.raise_for_status()
  r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
  return r.text
 except:
  return ""


def parsePage(ilt, html):
 try:
  plt = re.findall(r'\"view_price\"\:\"[\d\.]*\"', html)
  tlt = re.findall(r'\"raw_title\"\:\".*?\"', html)
  for i in range(len(plt)):
   price = eval(plt[i].split(':')[1])
   title = eval(tlt[i].split(':')[1])
   ilt.append([price, title])
 except:
  print("")


def printGoodsList(ilt):
 tplt = "{:4}\t{:8}\t{:16}"
 print(tplt.format("序号", "价格", "商品名称"))
 count = 0
 for g in ilt:
  count = count + 1
  print(tplt.format(count, g[0], g[1]))


def main():
 goods = '书包'
 depth = 3
 start_url = 'https://s.taobao.com/search?q=' + goods
 infoList = []
 for i in range(depth):
  try:
   url = start_url + '&s=' + str(44 * i)
   html = getHTMLText(url)
   parsePage(infoList, html)
  except:
   continue
 printGoodsList(infoList)


main()

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