编程 Javascript

AngularJS实现表单手动验证和表单自动验证

Posted in Javascript onDecember 09, 2015

AngularJS的表单验证大致有两种，一种是手动验证，一种是自动验证。
一、手动验证
所谓手动验证是通过AngularJS表单的属性来验证。而成为AngularJS表单必须满足两个条件：

1、给form元素加上novalidate="novalidate"；

2、给form元素加上name="theForm"，如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" ng-app="myApp1">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title></title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/main.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<nav >
 <div class="container">
  <div class="navbar-header">
   <a href="/" class="navbar-brand">Form Submitting</a>
  </div>
 </div>
</nav>
 
<div class="container main-content" ng-controller="myCtrl1">
 <!--novalidate让表单不要使用html验证-->
 <!--theForm变成scope的一个字段-->
 <form ng-submit="onSubmit(theForm.$valid)" novalidate="novalidate" name="theForm">
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="name">Name</label>
   <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" ng-model="formModel.name"/>
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group" ng-class="{
   'has-error': !theForm.email.$valid && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted),
   'has-success': theForm.email.$valid && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)
   }">
   <label for="email">Email</label>
   <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" ng-model="formModel.email" required="required" name="email"/>
   <p class="help-block" ng-show="theForm.email.$error.required && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)">必填</p>
   <p class="help-block" ng-show="theForm.email.$error.email && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)">email格式不正确</p>
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="username">Username</label>
   <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" ng-model="formModel.username"/>
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="age">Age</label>
   <input type="number" class="form-control" id="age" ng-model="formModel.age"/>
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="sex">Sex</label>
   <select name="sex" id="sex" class="form-control" ng-model="formModel.sex">
    <option value="">Please choose</option>
    <option value="male">Mail</option>
    <option value="femail">Femail</option>
   </select>
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="password">Password</label>
   <input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" ng-model="formModel.password"/>
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Register</button>
  </div>
 
   <pre>
    {{theForm | json}}
   </pre>
 </form>
</div>
<script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="second.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

● 给form加上novalidate="novalidate"意味着表单将不再使用HTML5验证特性
● 给form加上name="theForm"意味着表单的名称是theForm。如何使用theForm,比如我们验证表单是否被修改过theForm.$submitted
● 通过ng-submit提交表单
● formModel是$scope中的一个属性
● 对表单的Email进行了手动验证，使用了AngularJS表单的众多属性，比如theForm.email.$valid，theForm.$pristine，theForm.$submitted， theForm.email.$error.required，theForm.email.$error.email
● 通过<pre>{{theForm | json}}</pre>把AngularJS表单的所有属性都打印出来

{
 "$error": {
  "required": [
   {
    "$validators": {},
    "$asyncValidators": {},
    "$parsers": [],
    "$formatters": [
     null
    ],
    "$viewChangeListeners": [],
    "$untouched": true,
    "$touched": false,
    "$pristine": true,
    "$dirty": false,
    "$valid": false,
    "$invalid": true,
    "$error": {
     "required": true
    },
    "$name": "email",
    "$options": null
   }
  ]
 },
 "$name": "theForm",
 "$dirty": false,
 "$pristine": true,
 "$valid": false,
 "$invalid": true,
 "$submitted": false,
 "email": {
  "$validators": {},
  "$asyncValidators": {},
  "$parsers": [],
  "$formatters": [
   null
  ],
  "$viewChangeListeners": [],
  "$untouched": true,
  "$touched": false,
  "$pristine": true,
  "$dirty": false,
  "$valid": false,
  "$invalid": true,
  "$error": {
   "required": true
  },
  "$name": "email",
  "$options": null
 },
 "sex": {
  "$validators": {},
  "$asyncValidators": {},
  "$parsers": [],
  "$formatters": [],
  "$viewChangeListeners": [],
  "$untouched": true,
  "$touched": false,
  "$pristine": true,
  "$dirty": false,
  "$valid": true,
  "$invalid": false,
  "$error": {},
  "$name": "sex",
  "$options": null
 }
}

以上，凡是有name属性的input都被显示在上面。
在second.js文件中定义了module,controller以及提交表单的方法。

var myApp1 = angular.module('myApp1',[]);
 
myApp1.controller('myCtrl1', function($scope, $http){
  $scope.formModel = {};
 
  $scope.onSubmit = function(){
    $http.post('someurl',$scope.formModel)
      .success(function(data){
        console.log(':)');
      })
      .error(function(data){
        console.log(':(');
      });
 
    console.log($scope.formModel);
  };
});

以上的表单验证方式好处是可控性强，但相对繁琐。
二、自动验证
AngularJS的另外一种表单验证方式是自动验证，即通过directive来实现，除了AngularJS自带的directive,还需要用到angular-auto-validate这个第三方module。
有关angular-auto-validate：
● 安装：npm i angular-auto-validate
● 引用：<script src="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
● module依赖：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["jcs-autoValidate"]);
为了实现错误信息本地化，还需要angular-localize这个第三方module：
● 安装：npm install angular-localize --save
● module依赖：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["localize"]);
● 引用：

<script src="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>

此外，当点击提交表单按钮，需要禁用按钮并显示一种等待效果，需要用到angular-ladda这个第三方module:

● 安装：bower install angular-ladda --save
● module依赖：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["angular-ladda"]);
● 引用：

<link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/>

<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>

页面如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" ng-app="myApp1">
<head>
 <meta charset="gb2312">
 <title></title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/main.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<nav >
 <div class="container">
  <div class="navbar-header">
   <a href="/" class="navbar-brand">Form Validating Auto</a>
  </div>
 </div>
</nav>
 
<div class="container main-content" ng-controller="myCtrl1">
 <!--novalidate让表单不要使用html验证-->
 <!--theForm变成scope的一个字段-->
 <form ng-submit="onSubmit()" novalidate="novalidate">
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="name" class="control-label">Name</label>
   <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" ng-model="formModel.name" required="required"/>
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="email" class="control-label">Email</label>
   <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" ng-model="formModel.email" required="required"/>
 
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="username" class="control-label">Username</label>
   <input type="text"
       class="form-control"
       id="username"
       ng-model="formModel.username"
       required="required"
       ng-pattern="/^[A-Za-z0-9_]{1,32}$/"
       ng-minlength="7"
       ng-pattern-err-type="badUsername"
    />
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="age" class="control-label">Age</label>
   <input type="number"
       class="form-control"
       id="age"
       ng-model="formModel.age"
       required="required"
       min="18"
       max="65"
       ng-min-err-type="tooYoung"
       ng-max-err-type="tooOld"
    />
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="sex" class="control-label">Sex</label>
   <select name="sex" id="sex" class="form-control" ng-model="formModel.sex" required="required">
    <option value="">Please choose</option>
    <option value="male">Mail</option>
    <option value="femail">Femail</option>
   </select>
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <label for="password" class="control-label">Password</label>
   <input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" ng-model="formModel.password" required="required" ng-minlength="6"/>
  </div>
 
  <div class="form-group">
   <!--<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>-->
   <button class="btn btn-primary"
       ladda = "submitting"
       data-style="expand-right"
       type="submit">
    <span ng-show="submitting">正在注册...</span>
    <span ng-show="!submitting">注册</span>
   </button>
  </div>
 
   <pre>
    {{formModel | json}}
   </pre>
 </form>
</div>
<script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
 
<script src="form_validation_auto.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>
 
<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>
 
</body>
</html>

以上，先看提交按钮：

<div >
 <!--<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>-->
 <button class="btn btn-primary"
     ladda = "submitting"
     data-style="expand-right"
     type="submit">
  <span ng-show="submitting">正在注册...</span>
  <span ng-show="!submitting">注册</span>
 </button>
</div>

● ladda属性值为bool值，true表示显示动态等待效果，false不显示动态等待效果，这里的submitting是scope中的一个属性
● data-style="expand-right"表示在按钮的右侧显示动态等待效果

再拿表单中的Age字段来说：

<div >
 <label for="age" class="control-label">Age</label>
 <input type="number"
     class="form-control"
     id="age"
     ng-model="formModel.age"
     required="required"
     min="18"
     max="65"
     ng-min-err-type="tooYoung"
     ng-max-err-type="tooOld"
  />
</div>

其中,min, max为AgularJS的directive,而ng-min-err-type是angular-auto-validate的directive。这里遵循的惯例是ng-AngularJS表单验证的directive名称-err-type，而tooYoung和tooOld的作用是什么，又是在哪里用上了呢？
是在module层面用上了，定义在了form_validation_auto.js文件中。

var myApp1 = angular.module('myApp1',['jcs-autoValidate','localize','angular-ladda']);
 
myApp1.run(function(defaultErrorMessageResolver){
  defaultErrorMessageResolver.getErrorMessages().then(function(errorMessages){
    errorMessages['tooYoung'] = '年龄必须小于{0}';
    errorMessages['tooOld'] = '年龄不能大于{0}';
    errorMessages['badUsername'] = '用户名只能包含数字、字母或下划线';
  });
});
 
myApp1.controller('myCtrl1', function($scope, $http){
  $scope.formModel = {};
  $scope.submitting = false;
 
  $scope.onSubmit = function(){
 
    $scope.submitting = true;
    console.log('已提交');
    console.log($scope.formModel);
 
    $http.post('url',$scope.formModel)
      .success(function(data){
        console.log(':)');
        $scope.submitting = false;
      })
      .error(function(data){
        console.log(':(');
        $scope.submitting = false;
      });
  };
});

以上，在run方法中使用angular-auto-validate的defaultErrorMessageResolver服务，对错误信息进行为了自定义。页面上的tooYoung和tooOld和这里的errorMessages['tooYoung']和errorMessages['badUsername']对应。

本文的全部内容就为大家介绍到这里，希望对大家学习AngularJS实现表单验证有所帮助。

AngularJS实现表单手动验证和表单自动验证

- Author -

lijiao

声明：登载此文出于传递更多信息之目的，并不意味着赞同其观点或证实其描述。

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