python自动化之Ansible的安装教程

本文实例讲述了python自动化之Ansible的安装。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

一 点睛

Ansible只需在管理端部署环境即可，建议采用yum源方式来实现部署。

二 安装Ansible

只需要在主服务器安装（主控端）

[root@localhost dev]# yum install ansible -y

三 测试

1 修改在主控机配置文件/etc/ansible/hosts

## green.example.com
## blue.example.com
192.168.0.101
192.168.0.102
[webservers]
## alpha.example.org
## beta.example.org
192.168.0.101
192.168.0.102

2 执行下面操作

通过ping模块测试主机的连通性，分别对单主机及组进行ping操 作，结果如下，说明安装、测试成功。

[root@localhost ansible]# ansible 192.168.0.101 -m ping -k
SSH password:
192.168.0.101 | SUCCESS => {
  "changed": false,
  "ping": "pong"
}
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible webservers -m ping -k
SSH password:
192.168.0.102 | FAILED! => {
  "msg": "Using a SSH password instead of a key is not possible because Host Key checking is enabled and sshpass does not support this. Please add this host's fingerprint to your known_hosts file to manage this host."
}
192.168.0.101 | SUCCESS => {
  "changed": false,
  "ping": "pong"
}

3 说明

由于主控端与被控主机未配置SSH证书信任，需要在执行ansible命令时添加-k参数，要求提供root（默认）账号密码，即在提示“SSH password：”时输入。

四 配置Linux主机SSH无密码访问

1 点睛

为了避免Ansible下发指令时输入目标主机密码，通过证书签名达到SSH无密码是一个好的方案，推荐使用ssh-keygen与ssh-copy-id来实现快速证书的生成及公钥下发，其中ssh-keygen生成一对密钥，使用sshcopy-id来下发生成的公钥。

第一步：需要配置与目标设备的密钥认证支持。

[root@localhost home]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:9/pGNxnQVWAWpss7PYtJcUDyHsCexgYY6NGWy/oOhTg [e-mail]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|   o.+ .o ..*++|
|  o = . .=.=. |
|  . + . + .=.  |
|  ...o  *o +. |
| E ... So. = .o |
|  ...  . ..=+ |
|  ..   .=.o. |
|   ..  o.+ o |
|   ..  .o+ . |
+----[SHA256]-----+

私钥文件可以存放在默认路径“~/.ssh/id_rsa”。

第二步：接下来同步公钥文件id_rsa.pub到目标主机，推荐使用ssh-copy-id公钥拷贝工具

[root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.102
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Kernel \r on an \m
root@192.168.0.102's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with:  "ssh 'root@192.168.0.102'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

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