Django 实现 Websocket 广播、点对点发送消息的代码

1.Django实现Websocket

使用Django来实现Websocket服务的方法很多在这里我们推荐技术最新的Channels库来实现

1.1.安装DjangoChannels

Channels安装如果你是Windows操作系统的话,那么必要条件就是Python3.7

pip install channels

1.2.配置DjangoChannels

1.创建项目ChannelsReady

django-admin startprobject ChannelsReady

2.在项目的settings.py同级目录中,新建文件routing.py

# routing.py
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
 # 暂时为空
})

3.在项目配置文件settings.py中写入

INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'channels'
]

ASGI_APPLICATION = "ChannelsReady.routing.application"

1.3.启动带有Channels提供的ASGI的Django项目

You have 17 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
February 01, 2020 - 17:27:13
Django version 3.0.2, using settings 'ChannelsReady.settings'
Starting ASGI/Channels version 2.4.0 development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

很明显可以看到ASGI/Channels,这样就算启动完成了

1.4.创建Websocket服务

1.创建一个新的应用chats

python manage.py startapp chats

2.在settings.py中注册chats

INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'chats',
 'channels'
]

3.在chats应用中新建文件chatService.py

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
# 这里除了 WebsocketConsumer 之外还有
# JsonWebsocketConsumer
# AsyncWebsocketConsumer
# AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer
# WebsocketConsumer 与 JsonWebsocketConsumer 就是多了一个可以自动处理JSON的方法
# AsyncWebsocketConsumer 与 AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer 也是多了一个JSON的方法
# AsyncWebsocketConsumer 与 WebsocketConsumer 才是重点
# 看名称似乎理解并不难 Async 无非就是异步带有 async / await
# 是的理解并没有错,但对与我们来说他们唯一不一样的地方,可能就是名字的长短了,用法是一模一样的
# 最夸张的是,基类是同一个,而且这个基类的方法也是Async异步的

class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer):
 # 当Websocket创建连接时
 def connect(self):
 pass
 
 # 当Websocket接收到消息时
 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
 pass
 
 # 当Websocket发生断开连接时
 def disconnect(self, code):
 pass

1.5.为Websocket处理对象增加路由

1.在chats应用中,新建urls.py

from django.urls import path
from chats.chatService import ChatService
websocket_url = [
 path("ws/",ChatService)
]

2.回到项目routing.py文件中增加ASGI非HTTP请求处理

from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter,URLRouter
from chats.urls import websocket_url

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
 "websocket":URLRouter(
 websocket_url
 )
})

总结：

• 下载
• 注册到setting.py里的app
• 在setting.py同级的目录下注册channels使用的路由----->routing.py
• 将routing.py注册到setting.py
• 把urls.py的路由注册到routing.py里
• 编写wsserver.py来处理websocket请求

<template>
 <div>
 <input type="text" v-model="message">
 <p><input type="button" @click="send" value="发送"></p>
 <p><input type="button" @click="close_socket" value="关闭"></p>
 </div>
</template>


<script>
export default {
 name:'websocket1',
 data() {
 return {
  message:'',
  testsocket:''
 }
 },
 methods:{
 send(){
  
 // send 发送信息
 // close 关闭连接

  this.testsocket.send(this.message)
  this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => {
  console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data);  
  }

 },
 close_socket(){
  this.testsocket.close()
 }

 },
 mounted(){
 this.testsocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/") 


 // onopen 定义打开时的函数
 // onclose 定义关闭时的函数
 // onmessage 定义接收数据时候的函数
 // this.testsocket.onopen = function(){
 // console.log("开始连接socket")
 // },
 // this.testsocket.onclose = function(){
 // console.log("socket连接已经关闭")
 // }
 }
}
</script>

3.广播消息

3.1客户端保持不变，同时打开多个客户端

3.2服务端存储每个链接的对象

socket_list = []

class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer):
 # 当Websocket创建连接时
 def connect(self):
 self.accept()
 socket_list.append(self)


 # 当Websocket接收到消息时
 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
 print(text_data) # 打印收到的数据
 for ws in socket_list: # 遍历所有的WebsocketConsumer对象
 ws.send(text_data) # 对每一个WebsocketConsumer对象发送数据

4.点对点消息

4.1客户端将用户名拼接到url，并在发送的消息里指明要发送的对象

<template>
 <div>
 <input type="text" v-model="message">
 <input type="text" v-model="user">

 <p><input type="button" @click="send" value="发送"></p>
 <p><input type="button" @click="close_socket" value="关闭"></p>
 </div>
</template>


<script>
export default {
 name:'websocket1',
 data() {
 return {
  message:'',
  testsocket:'',
  user:''
 }
 },
 methods:{
 send(){
  
 // send 发送信息
 // close 关闭连接
  var data1 = {"message":this.message,"to_user":this.user}
  
  this.testsocket.send(JSON.stringify(data1))
  this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => {
  console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data);  
  }

 },
 close_socket(){
  this.testsocket.close()
 },
 generate_uuid: function() {
  var d = new Date().getTime();
  if (window.performance && typeof window.performance.now === "function") {
  d += performance.now(); //use high-precision timer if available
  }
  var uuid = "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".replace(
  /[xy]/g,
  function(c) {
  var r = (d + Math.random() * 16) % 16 | 0;
  d = Math.floor(d / 16);
  return (c == "x" ? r : (r & 0x3) | 0x8).toString(16);
  }
  );
  return uuid;
 },

 },
 mounted(){
 var username = this.generate_uuid();
 console.log(username)
 this.testsocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/"+ username +"/") 
 console.log(this.testsocket)

 	this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => {
  console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data);  
  }
 	
 // onopen 定义打开时的函数
 // onclose 定义关闭时的函数
 // onmessage 定义接收数据时候的函数
 // this.testsocket.onopen = function(){
 // console.log("开始连接socket")
 // },
 // this.testsocket.onclose = function(){
 // console.log("socket连接已经关闭")
 // }
 }
}
</script>

4.2服务端存储用户名以及websocketConsumer，然后给对应的用户发送信息

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
user_dict ={}
list = []
import json
class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer):
 # 当Websocket创建连接时
 def connect(self):
 self.accept()
 username = self.scope.get("url_route").get("kwargs").get("username")
 user_dict[username] =self
 print(user_dict)

 # list.append(self)


 # 当Websocket接收到消息时
 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
 data = json.loads(text_data)
 print(data)
 to_user = data.get("to_user")
 message = data.get("message")

 ws = user_dict.get(to_user)
 print(to_user)
 print(message)
 print(ws)
 ws.send(text_data)


 # 当Websocket发生断开连接时
 def disconnect(self, code):
 pass

总结

到此这篇关于Django 实现 Websocket 广播、点对点发送消息的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Django 实现 Websocket 广播、点对点发送消息内容请搜索三水点靠木以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持三水点靠木！