django用户登录和注销的实现方法

django版本：1.4.21。

一、准备工作

1、新建项目和app

[root@yl-web-test srv]# django-admin.py startproject lxysite
[root@yl-web-test srv]# cd lxysite/
[root@yl-web-test lxysite]# python manage.py startapp accounts
[root@yl-web-test lxysite]# ls
accounts lxysite manage.py

2、配置app

在项目settings.py中的

INSTALLED_APPS = ( 
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.sites',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
 # 'django.contrib.admin',
 # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
 # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
 'accounts',
)

3、配置url

在项目urls.py中配置

urlpatterns = patterns('',
 # Examples:
 # url(r'^$', 'lxysite.views.home', name='home'),
 # url(r'^lxysite/', include('lxysite.foo.urls')),

 # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
 # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

 # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
 # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
 url(r'^accounts/', include('accounts.urls')),
)

4、配置templates

新建templates目录来存放模板，

[root@yl-web-test lxysite]# mkdir templates
[root@yl-web-test lxysite]# ls
accounts lxysite manage.py templates

然后在settings中配置

TEMPLATE_DIRS = ( 
 # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
 # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
 # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
 '/srv/lxysite/templates',
)

5、配置数据库

我用的是mysql数据库，先创建数据库lxysite

mysql> create database lxysite;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

然后在settings.py中配置

DATABASES = { 
 'default': {
  'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
  'NAME': 'lxysite',      # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
  'USER': 'root',      # Not used with sqlite3.
  'PASSWORD': 'password',     # Not used with sqlite3.
  'HOST': '10.1.101.35',      # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
  'PORT': '3306',      # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
 } 
}

然后同步数据库：同步过程创建了一个管理员账号：liuxiaoyan,password，后面就用这个账号登录和注销登录。

[root@yl-web-test lxysite]# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): liuxiaoyan
E-mail address: [e-mail]
Password: 
Password (again): 
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)

至此，准备工作完成。

二、实现登录功能

使用django自带的用户认证，实现用户登录和注销。

1、定义一个用户登录表单(forms.py)

因为用的了bootstrap框架，执行命令#pip install django-bootstrap-toolkit安装。

并在settings.py文件中配置

INSTALLED_APPS = ( 
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.sites',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
 # 'django.contrib.admin',
 # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
 # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
 'bootstrap_toolkit',
 'accounts',
)

forms.py没有强制规定，建议放在和app的views.py同一目录。

#coding=utf-8
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from bootstrap_toolkit.widgets import BootstrapDateInput,BootstrapTextInput,BootstrapUneditableInput

class LoginForm(forms.Form):
 username = forms.CharField(
   required = True,
   label=u"用户名",
   error_messages={'required':'请输入用户名'},
   widget=forms.TextInput(
    attrs={
     'placeholder':u"用户名",
     } 
    ) 
   ) 

 password = forms.CharField(
   required=True,
   label=u"密码",
   error_messages={'required':u'请输入密码'},
   widget=forms.PasswordInput(
    attrs={
     'placeholder':u"密码",
     } 
    ), 
   ) 

 def clean(self):
  if not self.is_valid():
   raise forms.ValidationError(u"用户名和密码为必填项")
  else:
   cleaned_data = super(LoginForm,self).clean()

定义的登录表单有两个域username和password，这两个域都为必填项。

2、定义登录视图views.py

在视图里实例化上一步定义的用户登录表单

# Create your views here.

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response,render,get_object_or_404 
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect 
from django.contrib.auth.models import User 
from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib import messages
from django.template.context import RequestContext 

from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory
from django.core.paginator import Paginator, PageNotAnInteger, EmptyPage

from bootstrap_toolkit.widgets import BootstrapUneditableInput
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

from forms import LoginForm

def login(request):
 if request.method == 'GET':
  form = LoginForm()
  return render_to_response('login.html',RequestContext(request,{'form':form,}))
 else:
  form = LoginForm(request.POST)
  if form.is_valid():
   username = request.POST.get('username','')
   password = request.POST.get('password','')
   user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
   if user is not None and user.is_active:
    auth.login(request,user)
    return render_to_response('index.html',RequestContext(request))
   else:
    return render_to_response('login.html',RequestContext(request,{'form':form,'password_is_wrong':True}))
  else:
   return render_to_response('login.html',RequestContext(request,{'form':form,}))

该视图实例化了前面定义的LoginForm，它的主要业务流逻辑是：

1、判断必填项用户名和密码是否为空，如果为空，提示“用户名和密码为必填项”的错误信息。

2、判断用户名和密码是否正确，如果错误，提示“用户名或密码错误”的错误信息。

3、登录成功后，进入主页（index.html）

3、登录页面模板(login.html)

<!DOCTYPE html>
{% load bootstrap_toolkit %}
{% load url from future %}
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>数据库脚本发布系统</title>
 <meta name="description" content="">
 <meta name="author" content="朱显杰">
 {% bootstrap_stylesheet_tag %}
 {% bootstrap_stylesheet_tag "responsive" %}
 <style type="text/css">
  body {
   padding-top: 60px;
  } 
 </style>
 <!--[if lt IE 9]>
 <script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
 <![endif]-->
 <!-- <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.0/jquery.min.js"></script>-->
 {% bootstrap_javascript_tag %}
 {% block extra_head %}{% endblock %}
</head>

<body>

 {% if password_is_wrong %}
  <div class="alert alert-error">
   <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert">×</button>
   <h4>错误!</h4>用户名或密码错误
  </div>
 {% endif %} 
 <div class="well">
  <h1>数据库脚本发布系统</h1>
  <p>?</p>
  <form class="form-horizontal" action="" method="post">
   {% csrf_token %}
   {{ form|as_bootstrap:"horizontal" }}
   <p class="form-actions">
    <input type="submit" value="登录" class="btn btn-primary">
    <a href="/contactme/"><input type="button" value="忘记密码" class="btn btn-danger"></a>
    <a href="/contactme/"><input type="button" value="新员工？" class="btn btn-success"></a>
   </p>
  </form>
 </div>

</body>
</html>

配置accounts的urls.py

from django.conf.urls import *
from accounts.views import login,logout

 
urlpatterns = patterns('',
         url(r'login/$',login),
               )

4、首页（index.html）

代码如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
{% load bootstrap_toolkit %}

<html lang="en">
{% bootstrap_stylesheet_tag %}
{% bootstrap_stylesheet_tag "responsive" %}

<h1>登录成功</h1>
<a href="/accounts/logout/"><input type="button" value="登出" class="btn btn-success"></a>

</html>

配置登出的url

from django.conf.urls import *
from accounts.views import login,logout

 
urlpatterns = patterns('',
         url(r'login/$',login),
         url(r'logout/$',logout),
               )

登录视图如下：调用djagno自带用户认证系统的logout，然后返回登录界面。

@login_required
def logout(request):
 auth.logout(request)
 return HttpResponseRedirect("/accounts/login/")

上面@login_required标示只有登录用户才能调用该视图，否则自动重定向到登录页面。

三、登录注销演示

1、执行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

在浏览器输入ip+端口访问，出现登录界面

2、当用户名或密码为空时，提示“用户名和密码为必填项”

3、当用户名或密码错误时，提示“用户名或密码错误”

4、输入正确用户名和密码（创建数据库时生成的liuxiaoyan,password），进入主页

5、点击登出，注销登录，返回登录页面。

四、排错

1、'bootstrap_toolkit' is not a valid tag library

因为你的INSTALLED_APP没有安装'bootstrap_toolkit',安装即可。

资源链接

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