使用Python获取字典键对应值的方法

目录

• 当知道字典的键时：
• 当不知道字典的键时：
• 附：字典dic最大值对应的键
• 总结

有两种方法

当知道字典的键时：

unit_rooms={ 3:{301:[1,80],302:[1,80],303:[2,90],304:[2,90]},
             4:{401:[1,80],402:[1,80],403:[2,90],404:[2,90]},
             5:{501:[1,80],502:[1,80],503:[2,90],504:[2,90]}
            }
            
 for i in range(3,6):
 	rooms=unit_rooms[i]
 	print(rooms)

运行结果：

当不知道字典的键时：

unit_rooms = {3:{301:[1,80],302:[1,80],303:[2,90],304:[2,90]},
             4:{401:[1,80],402:[1,80],403:[2,90],404:[2,90]},
             5:{501:[1,80],502:[1,80],503:[2,90],504:[2,90]}
            }
 for rooms in unit_rooms.values():
 	print(rooms)

运行结果：

获取字典的值：

for value in DictName.values():
# value的名字可以自行另取
# DictName是要遍历的字典的名称
# .values():是固定的用法

获取键值：

for k,v in DictName.items():
#遍历字典的键值对，k对应键，v对应值
#k,v 的名字可以自己取，DictName是字典名

unit_rooms = {3:{301:[1,80],302:[1,80],303:[2,90],304:[2,90]},
             4:{401:[1,80],402:[1,80],403:[2,90],404:[2,90]},
             5:{501:[1,80],502:[1,80],503:[2,90],504:[2,90]}
            }
 for sub_dict in unit_rooms.values():
# 遍历大字典的值，即小字典sub_dict
    for room,info in sub_dict.items():
        print('房间号：%d,方向：%d,面积：%d'%(room,info[0],info[1]))

运行结果：

方向1代表南北，方向2代表东西

把数字替换掉：

unit_rooms = {3:{301:[1,80],302:[1,80],303:[2,90],304:[2,90]},
             4:{401:[1,80],402:[1,80],403:[2,90],404:[2,90]},
             5:{501:[1,80],502:[1,80],503:[2,90],504:[2,90]}
             }
 for sub_dict in unit_rooms.values():
    for room,info in sub_dict.items():
        dire = ['', '南北', '东西']
        #建立一个列表，第0个元素为空，第1个元素为'南北'，第2个元素为'东西'
        print(dire[info[0]])

举例：

unit_rooms = {3:{301:[1,80],302:[1,80],303:[2,90],304:[2,90]},
             4:{401:[1,80],402:[1,80],403:[2,90],404:[2,90]},
             5:{501:[1,80],502:[1,80],503:[2,90],504:[2,90]}
             }
 for sub_dict in unit_rooms.values():
    for room,info in sub_dict.items():
        dire = ['', '南北', '东西']
        print('户室号：%d 朝向：%s 面积：%d' % (room,dire[info[0]],info[1]))

运行结果：

附：字典dic最大值对应的键

步骤：（1）用max()函数找出最大的值maxValue；（2）套用一的自定义函数

def getKey(dic, value):
    if value not in dic.values():
        return None
    result = set()
    for key in dic:
        if dic[key]==value:
            result.add(key)
    return result
 
dic = {'a':2, 'b':1, 'c':10, 'd':10}
 
maxValue=max(dic.values())
result = getKey(dic,maxValue)
 
>> {'c','d'}

总结

到此这篇关于使用Python获取字典键对应值的文章就介绍到这了！